One another user having the same issue with Samsung series 5 ultrabook.
I used Intel ProSet debug-mode to get more logs about the info, and here's the finding:
1) Authentication is successful: RxAuthSuccess ro:ut:er:sm:ac:ad:re:ss
2) AddToExlude <routersmaccaddress> <ssid> WEV_EXCLUDE_LIST_REASON_802_11_ASSOC_FAILURE
And then nothing. Haven't figured out what that error message means, but apparently authentication works, but after that connection handshake fails.